Item

Quantity

Substitution

allspice

1 tsp.

1/2 tsp. cinnamon plus 1/8 ground cloves

arrowroot, as thickener

1 1/2 tsp.

1 Tbs. flour

baking powder

1 tsp.

1/4 tsp. baking soda plus 5/8 tsp. cream of tartar

bread crumbs, dry

1/4 cup

1 slice bread

bread crumbs, soft

1/2 cup

1 slice bread

buttermilk

1 cup

1 cup plain yogurt

chocolate, unsweetened

1 ounce

3 tablespoons cocoa plus 1 tbs. butter or fat

cracker crumbs

3/4 cup

1 cup bread crumbs

cream, heavy

1 cup

3/4 cup milk plus 1/3 cup melted butter (this will not whip)

cream, light

1 cup

7/8 cup milk plus 3 tbs. melted butter

cream, sour

1 cup

7/8 cup buttermilk or
plain yogurt plus 3 tbs. melted butter

cream, whipping

1 cup

2/3 cup well-chilled evaporated milk, whipped or
1 cup nonfat dry milk powder whipped with 1 cup of water

egg

1 whole

2 yolks

flour, all-purpose

1 cup

1 1/8 cups cake flour or
5/8 cup potato flour or
1 1/4 cups rye or coarsely ground whole grain flour or
1 cup cornmeal

flour, cake

1 cup

1 cup minus 2 Tbs. sifted all-purpose

flour, self-rising

1 cup

1 cup all-purpose flour plus 1 1/4 tsp. baking powder plus 1/4 teaspoon salt

garlic

1 clove

1/8 tsp. garlic powder or instant minced garlic

herbs, dried

1/2 to 1 tsp.

1 tbs. fresh, minced and packed

honey

1 cup

1 1/4 cups sugar plus 1/2 cup liquid

lemon

1

1 to 3 tbst juice or
1 to 1 1/2 tsp grated rind

lemon juice

1 tsp

1/2 tsp vinegar

lemon rind, grated

1 tsp

1/2 tsp lemon extract

milk, skim

1 cup

1/3 cup instant monfat dry milk plus about 3/4 cup water

milk, whole

1 cup

1/2 cup evaporated milk plus 1/2 cup water or
1 cup skim milk plus 2 tsp melted butter

milk, to sour

1 cup

add 1 tbsp vinegar ot lemon juice to 1 cup milk minus 1 tbsp.
Stir and let stand 5 minutes.

molasses

1 cup

1 cup honey

mustard, prepared

1 tbs

1 tsp dry or powdered mustard

onion, chopped

1 small

1 tbs instant minced onion or
1 tsp onion powder or
1/4 cup frozen chopped onion

sugar, granulated

1 cup

1 cup firmly packed brown sugar or
1 3/4 cups confectioner's sugar (do not substitude in baking) or
2 cups corn syrup or
1 cup superfine sugar

tomatoes, canned

1 cup

1/2 cup tomato sauce polus 1/2 cup water or
1 1/3 cups chopped fresh tomatoes, simmered

tomato juice

1 cup

1/2 cup tomato sauce plus 1/2 cup water plus dash each salt and sugar or
1/4 cup tomato paste plus 3/4 cup water plus salt and sugar

tomato ketchup

1/2 cup

1/2 cup tomato sauce plus 2 tbsp sugar ,
1 tbs vinegar, and 1/8 tsp ground cloves

tomato puree

1 cup

1/2 cup tomato paste plus 1/2 cup water

tomato soup

1 can (10 3/4 oz.)

1 cup tomato sauce plus 1/2 cup water

vanilla

1" bean

1 teaspoon vanilla extract

yeast

1 cake (3/5 oz.)

1 package active dried yeast

yogurt, plain

1 cup

1 cup buttermilk